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This layer depicts the density of volcanic eruption risk based on a measure of intensity of eruption, the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) as derived by the Pacific Disaster Center. Areas of risk are based on a 100km density marking areas potentially affected by volcanic emissions or ground shaking. Data was adapted from the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program and provided by the Pacific Disaster Center, see here for a full process description. Data obtained October 26, 2011.

Satellite imagery of the flooding within Thailand is provided by the Rapid Response system of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Land Atmosphere Near Real-Time Capability for EOS (LANCE). Images downloaded were obtained from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Terra satellite on November 1, 2011 and November 12, 2008. These dates were downloaded and processed based on minimal cloud cover and complete extent available over Thailand. Data downloaded on November 6, 2011.

This layer depicts the present-day plate boundaries as provided by the Institute of Geophysics at the University of Texas at Austin, Plates Project. Data was calculated for the Present-day Plate Boundary Digital Data Compilation, University of Texas Institute for Geophysics Technical Report No. 174 (PDF). Data obtained October 26, 2011.

This layer depicts areas of risk based on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale used by the National Weather Service as derived by the Pacific Disaster Center and the U.S. Geological Survey. Risk areas are defined by the probability of wind speeds within five categories: 1) 118-153 km/h, 2) 154-177 km/h, 3) 178-209 km/h, 4) 210-249 km/h, and 5) 250+ km/h. Colors indicate areas with a 10percent chance of occurring within the next 10 years - Category 1 is colored light cream, and Category 5 is dark red. Data was processed and provided by the Pacific Disaster Center, see here for full process description. Data obtained October 26, 2011.

This layer depicts areas of risk based on the 1956 version of the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI) describing potential damage along with a 20 percent probability the maximum likely intensity of an event will be exceeded in 50 years. Five categories of intensity are shown – Level 1 is light cream colored and corresponds to an MMI of less than IV. Level 5 is dark red or most intense and corresponds to an MMI of greater than IX. Data was provided by the United Nations Environmental Programme/Global Resource Information Database (UNEP/GRID). Additional information about the MMI Scale is provided by the USGS. Data obtained October 26, 2011.

This layer depicts the global risk estimate of flood hazard. Risk is indexed from 1 (low) to 5 (extreme). Global flood risk estimate was calculated as a part of the Global Assessment Report on Risk. Data is provided by the UNEP/GRID Global Risk Data Platform. Data obtained October 26, 2011.

The tsunami layer depicts tsunami run-up locations occurring after 1990. Tsunami run-up locations are recorded locations where tsunami effects were observed. Run-up locations differ from tsunami source locations, which were not included here. Data was downloaded from the Global Historical Tsunami Database made available by National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Center (NGDC/WDC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Data obtained October 26, 2011.

This layer depicts volcanic eruptions after 1990 that meet at least one of the following criteria: caused fatalities, caused moderate damage (approximately $1 million or more), with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 6 or larger, caused a tsunami, or was associated with a major earthquake. Data was downloaded from the Significant Volcanic Eruption Database made available by National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Center (NGDC/WDC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Data obtained October 26, 2011.

This layer depicts earthquake events since 1990 that either caused at least one fatality or had a moment magnitude (MW) of 7 or greater. The MW magnitude is the physical quantity proportional to the slip on the fault times the area of the fault surface that slips. A measure of seismic energy, MS, is displayed where the MW value is unavailable. Data was downloaded from the Significant Earthquake Database of the National Geophysical Data Center. Data obtained October 26, 2011.

This layer depicts major flood locations made available by the Dartmouth Flood Observatory. Flood locations are derived from a variety of sources including news, governmental sources, instrumental reports, and remote sensing methods. Flood locations on the map are displayed with a flood magnitude index greater than or equal to 6 (Flood Magnitude Index = LOG(Duration x Severity X Affected Area)). Data was processed to show centroid locations of major flood events and do not show extent or amount of affected area. Data was downloaded from the Global Active Archive of Large Flood Events made available by the Dartmouth Flood Observatory, University of Colorado. Data obtained October 26, 2011.

This layer depicts landslides triggered by rainfall causing 10 or more fatalities in 2003 and 2006-2009. Data was not available for 1990-2002 and 2004-2005. Landslide locations were collected from media reports, journal articles, and other hazard databases. Data was originally published in the Journal of Natural Hazards (2009) and made available by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Data obtained October 26, 2011.

This layer depicts best track locations of five tropical storms within the Western Pacific Ocean between July and October, 2011. Five storms between July and October brought heavy rains and flooding to Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, and Burma. Data was downloaded and processed to create best track lines from the point-based storm track location data. Data was downloaded from the Unisys Weather data page, 2011 Hurricane/Tropical Data for Western Pacific. Data obtained November 1, 2011.

The layer depicts best track locations of tropical storms within the Western Pacific Ocean from 2000-2010. Tropical storms causing 100 or more fatalities, or affected over 1 million people according to Reliefweb reports. Data was downloaded and processed to create best track lines from the point-based storm track location data. Data was downloaded from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, United States Department of Defense. Data obtained October 26, 2011.